Espresso

Espresso is a concentrated coffee beverage brewed by forcing hot water under high pressure through finely-ground coffee beans. It's the foundation of many coffee drinks like cappuccinos, lattes, and Americanos. A single shot of espresso typically uses 7-9 grams of coffee and produces about 30ml (1 ounce) of liquid in 25-30 seconds. The high pressure (typically 9 bars) creates a rich, creamy layer called crema on top. Espresso has a stronger flavor and higher caffeine concentration per volume compared to drip coffee, though a standard serving contains less total caffeine than a full cup of coffee.